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Orange Farming Methods For Beginners

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General Description of Oranges Plant

In our country oranges are mainly used for eating and drinking after extracting juice. In India orange juice is taken as a very favorite and nutritious drink. There are many beneficial benefits of drinking the juice of oranges. It protects us from many diseases.

Orange juice helps in relieving fatigue and stress by providing coolness to the body. Candies, jams and jellies are also made from orange juice. Cultivation of orange and Malta in India is grown for business. Orange is a very good product for farmers and businessmen, from which good profits can be earned.

Orange Plants are grown by grafting, if we want to earn good money from the orange orchard then we should Plant healthy grafted Plants with good nursery. If it is applied to a Plant grown from seed then it will take 10- to 12 years to bear fruit.

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On the other hand, if grafted Plants are Planted in the garden, then we will start getting fruits from the third to the fourth year. For commercially Planting orange orchards, we should use only grafted Plants. Before Planting orange orchards, it has to be kept in mind that it will be necessary to choose seedless high yielding varieties and weather sensitive varieties.

You will be surprised to know that orange is the third most suitable crop to be used after mango and banana and its area is expanding day by day. It is well cultivated and cultivated in the central and central parts of the country. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh are the important states of the country which have their place in the cultivation of oranges.

Health benefits of eating oranges:

Orange is a kind of superfood which has many types of vitamins and minerals stored inside it. It is the best and most reliable source of immunity boosting and vitamin C. Orange juice daily helps in many diseases.

Vitamin C is found in abundance in orange it contains wonderful elements like vitamin A, amino acid, vitamin B complex, flavonoids, fiber, calcium, iodine, phosphorus, minerals. It is believed to be effective in treating severe and also helps in promoting the correct immune system in the body.

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Some important things that are necessary for the health of oranges:

  1. Anti oxidant element is abundant in sage
  2. Oranges can help you keep high blood pressure under control
  3. It can strengthen immunity
  4. Oranges contain calories
  5. Orange gives glowing look to the skin
  6. Orange works by reducing the effect of cold
  7. Kidney stones can be kept under control with the use of oranges
  8. Calcium found in orange is beneficial in bone pain
  9. Orange helps in stomach problems
  10. Orange helps in increasing eyesight

Suitable soil and climate for oranges:

For orchards of oranges, it is better if light deep loamy fertile land, which has good drainage of water and the H of the land is between 6 to 7.8. Both highly saline and alkaline soils are not suitable. It is best if the water level is at least 1.5 to 2 meters below.

Oranges is good in sub-tropical climate. Moderately cold and summer is best. There should be enough moisture in the atmosphere. Plants suffer damage due to low temperature and high more than 40 degree centigrade temperature.

Oranges are Planted at a distance of ten feet in Assam and twenty feet in South India. In Nagpur, the difference between fifteen to eighteen feet is considered correct. The pits should be two and a half feet in diameter and three feet deep.

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Verities of Oranges:

Ngapur Santra

 Coorg Santra

Khasi Santra

Mudkhed

 Shringar

 Darjeeling Mandarin

 Sumithra mandarin

 Seedless-182 and

Orange mandarin.

How to prepare Orange Plants?

It is very important that the orange Plant is disease free. Use shoot tip grafting method to prepare the Plant. Prepare orange Plants by tying a bud (glass or budding) to the root circle of Ragpur Lime Janmeri (Rough-Lemon), Cleoptres Orange and Trifoliate Orange.

 

To successfully prepare a Plant, take the thickness of the root root, equal to the thickness of the pencil and the bud from a healthy Plant. Budding should be done in the month of October to February.

How to transplant Orange Plants?

After feeding in sunlight for two to three weeks the pits should be filled by adding manure to the soil. Then after a rain, Plants can be Planted in those by digging as needed. After taking the crop from that time the roots should be opened and fertilized after a couple of weeks.

Two graphing methods are used for Planting saplings. This is the square and hexagonal system. In the hexagonal method 15 percent more Plants can be Planted than in the square method. The size of the pit is 75 cm  X 75 cm X 75 cm and Plant the Plant at a distance of 6 m X 6 or 5 x 5 also.

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Thus 277 saplings can be Planted in one hectare. For filling the pit use 20 kg of rotten cow dung along with 500 grams of single super phosphate 500 grams of neem cake and 10 grams of carbendazim per pit with soil. We should pay attention and determine the right quantity.

In artificial manure a 500g of ammonium sulphate or sodium nitrate, half a teaspoon of superphosphate and an equal amount of potassium sulphate should also be given. If artificial manure or cake is given then both winter and summer crops can be taken but from the consideration of the health of the Plants it is better to take only one crop and that taking summer crop will be particularly beneficial.

When both the crops are to be taken the roots should not be opened for a long time and only after plucking the fruits of both the crops the roots should be covered by adding artificial manure to the soil.

In order to get summer crop irrigation should be stopped in April-May and fertilizer should be given before the rains. By doing this in June nine months later fruits will be available in March-April. If flowers will come winter crop is to be taken then irrigation should be started after opening the roots in December and after applying fertilizer.

Due to this flowers will come in march april and you will get fruits in winter. For getting winter crop irrigation is required in summer.

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Quantity of manure and fertilizer – In fruit species nutrients are used by the fruits in a much higher proportion than the amount of manure and fertilizers given to the Plants every year as per the stage of the Plants. Give fertilizers and fertilizers per Plant / year as follows

Fertilizer & Fertigation Time:

Give full quantity of cow dung manure, phosphorus and potash and half quantity of nitrogen at the onset of rain. To increase the health of the Plants, give the remaining half quantity of nitrogen in the unripe trees at the end of the rain.

In fruiting Plants give full quantity of dung manure, phosphorus and potash at the end of June and divide the quantity of nitrogen into three parts in February July and October respectively.

Water management and weed control in oranges

The assumption like more production than more irrigation is not correct. Flood irrigation causes damage to the garden. Irrigation should be done at an interval of 4 to 7 days in summer season and 10 to 15 days in cold season.

Irrigation water should not be applied to the trunk of the tree for this use double ring method of irrigation. Drip irrigation is the best method, it saves 40 to 50 percent of water and weeds also grow less by 40 to 65 percent.

The quality of growth and fruits of trees is good and labor will also be saved. The use of drip irrigation is necessary to get good quality fruits from the orange Plant. It is better to give water directly to the roots of orange Plants through drip irrigation than to give water to the whole field.

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By doing this water can be saved from unnecessary wastage. The quality is greatly increased by using drip irrigation. Fertilizer should be given in crops through Venturi or fertilizer tank so that proper utilization of fertilizer can be done.

Mulching

During summer, cover the land around the Plants with mulch for sufficient moisture in the field. Use available grass straw leaves for mulching. Make plastic mulch scientifically which is very beneficial and convenient.

In orange orchards spread 300 micro meters thick and black colored plastic around the body of the Plant after that cover its edges well with soil so that rats etc cannot enter.

Intercropping with oranges

Before maturity of the Plant we can do intercropping in between the Plant of oranges so that maximum benefit can be taken. But it is necessary to see that we can take Plant till leafs of the two Plant cannot be touched.

We can Plant moong, urad, groundnut, tomato or chilli, in the vacant space in 3-4 years from the beginning of the garden. Irrigate and fertilize the intercropping crop separately. Stop intercropping when the branches of trees start touching each other. Generally take intercropping crop in the first three years.

How to do irrigation and fertilizer management in orange Plant ?

For a good quality crop or horticulture of oranges, proper use of manure and fertilizers is very necessary. For orange cultivation 500 grams of potash and phosphorus should be given to each tree, while it is necessary to give 800 grams of nitrogen every year. By using zinc and sulfate there is no deficiency of the element in the Plants.

Irrigation is done according to the season, immediately after Planting the entire field should be well irrigated so that the Plant does not wither. Irrigation should be done once at an interval of 20 to 25 days in winter, whereas in summer season irrigation must be done within 7 days.

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Keeping in mind the actual requirement of the Plants it is right to irrigate by determining the actual amount of water by a micro irrigation specialist. But when you plant orange orchard with drip irrigation system then you will feel free from irrigation point of view.

As per crop schedule and water requirement of the plant you must select dripper with discharge of drippers. The given fertilizers you can choose in soluble form so that fertigation can be done with irrigation scheduling. After using drip irrigation you can reach maximum yield up to 1.5 times.

Harvesting and sorting for orange Plants:

It is very necessary to make the Plants attractive and to protect them from diseases. Do this before the day of Plant growth. Generally oranges do not require much pruning. Keep cutting the branch which sprouts from the root stem below the joint of pen and budding.

From time to time cut the lower branch so that no branch comes out up to one meter from the ground. From a fully develop tree you can harvest minimum of 2200 t0 2400 nos of fruit.

Disease and pest control in orange plants:

In orange fruits, diseases like canker acanose lap leak, as well as many types of viral diseases are caused. Spray Streptomycin Sulphate (500-1000 GBM) 2-3 times on 15 days to control canker. Spray Bordeaux mixture (5 5 50 ) or Chlorothalonil / Blue copper for anthacnose and for control of viral disease. Plant a garden of virus free Plants. Provide adequate nutrition and care to the Plants and follow the decline control schedule.

Similarly pests like citrus sala, lemon butterfly, leaf miner, whitefly bark eating insect chip mites, nematode mili bug also affect the yield of citrus fruits. Butterfly girdles are eaten by cutting off new leaves.

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While the newborns of Sala damage the Plants by sucking the sap of the leaves. They can be controlled by selective killing of insects and spraying of thiamethoxam (005%) on the Plants. Similarly by timely proper treatment of other insects and diseases, good production can be taken from this fruit orchard. (You must use chemicals as per instruction from nearest scientist of KVK)

Cost economics for orange farming:

Economics of Orange Farming for 1 Ha of Plot
1st Year Expanses Expanses up to 4h year
A Variable Cost Operations Qty Rate (Rs.) Unit Amount
1 Primary tillage operations Tractor / Rotavator 4 1000 Hrs 4000
2 Orange Plant  400 35 Ha 14000
4 FYM / Compost Composting 10 2500 Trolly 25000 20000
5 Liquid Fertilizer Fertigation 1 10000 Set 10000 15000
6 Conventional Fertilizer DAP + Urea + Potash 1 3500 Set 3500 15000
7 Insecticides, Pesticides & Spraying 1 5000 Set 5000 5000
8 Irrigation & Electricity 1 4500 Set 4500 8000
3 Weeding 15 300 Mandays 4500 18000
9 Harvesting Plucking 30 300 Mandays 5000
10 Miscellaneous 1 3000 Set 5000
Total Variable cost 66000
B Fixed Cost
Investment on MIS 100000.00
a Interest on MIS value @ 18% 18000.00
b Depreciation @ 10% 10000.00
c Maintenance @ 5% 5000.00
Total Fixed Cost 33000.00
Total Cost (A+B) 99000.00 91000
20000.00
Description Yield Rate Amount
Orange Yield 30000 20 600000.00
Total Expenditure 190000.00
Net Income 410000.00
After 5th year Annual sale will go up to valve of Rs. 6.00 lakh.
Note: This is a tentative rate considered. This may varies place to place.

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