Today India has the highest production of Lemon in the world. Lemon has many medicinal properties. Cultivation of lemon can prove to be very beneficial for the farmers. India is considered the home of citrus fruits. Various species of this class are found here. After banana and mango citrus fruits have the third place in India in terms of its cultivation.
Lemon which is colloquially known as Indian Kagji lemon is grown in almost all the states of the country. This fruit is very popular due to its properties. This is the reason that in summer its price is Rs.100 per kg reach more than at present where its price has reached Rs 400 – 500 per kg at present season and time.
Due to the medicinal properties present its fruits are used in various ways. Apart from vitamin ‘C’ in its fruits lots of other healthy things available like vitamin ‘A’, vitamin ‘B-1’, iron, phosphorous, calcium, protein, fiber, fat, minerals and sugar are also present.
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Farmers of many states of India use lemon as a cash crop. Farmers have started cultivating lemons leaving traditional farming.
The reason for this is its increasing daily requirement. If we talk about lemon producing states of India then along with Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab-Haryana, East Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan are the major producer states. Lemon is now being also grown in the area around Delhi.
In the fruits of lemon 42 to 50 percent juice comes out. It is used in making squash cordial and acid etc as well as in daily food. Drinking lemon juice creates a feeling of freshness and energy in the body.
Delicious pickles are also made from its fruits. Not only this various types of cosmetics are also made by drying its peels. Due to all these characteristics, its demand remains almost throughout the year. But due to lack of technical knowledge and timely diagnosis of pests and diseases, farmers do not get the expected benefits
Land and climate requirement for Lemon farming
Lemon can be grown easily in areas where there is less frost. It can be cultivated in almost all types of soils. For proper growth and production of its plants, sandy and sandy loam soils are best in which organic matter is present in abundance.
Lime or lemon plant is of very tolerant in nature which flourishes easily even in adverse conditions. Sub-tropical and warm climate is considered best for getting good production. Along with this proper management of drainage should also be done and its pH value should be between 5.5 to 7.5. If the soil does not have any hard bottom up to a depth of 4-5 feet, then it is good.
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Best & improved Lemon varieties:
There are many varieties of paper lemons which can be selected on the basis of area specific or qualities. Some of the important species are: Kagzi Kala, Pramalini, Chakradhar, Sai Sarbati, Jai Devi, PKM-1, NRCC. Lime-7 and NRCC Lime-8 Pusa Abhinav, Pusa Udit, Vikram, etc. You should buy seedling plants from a reliable source or government nursery only. While buying plants keep in mind that they are healthy and disease free.
Lemon plant broadcasting:
Propagation of lemon can be done by seed, bud and air layering (Gooty method).
Air layering or Gooty method is also very popular in paper lemons. By this good plants can be prepared in less time. Rainy season is best for this work. Select a branch (1.0-1.5 cm) of pencil thickness which is about one year old, to prepare the guti.
Ring shape 2.5-3.0 cm from the selected branch. Take out the bark of the labai. Cover the rings with moist mass grass by applying a paste of Sirix powder or Indole butyric acid (IBA) on the upper end of the rings. From above, about 400 gauge polythene should be covered by 15-20 cm. Wrap both the ends tightly with twine or thread by wrapping it 2-3 times with a wide bandage.
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After 1.5-2.0 months, when roots are visible from the polythene, separate this branch from the plant and plant it in nursery bags. Now new seedling is prepared to plant to lemon garden.
Lemon Plant Irrigation:
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To get more yield and to save water and fertilizer purposes you need to put Drip Irrigation method for proper irrigation purposes.
If it is not raining then irrigation must be done immediately after planting. Thereafter maintain sufficient moisture in the soil especially in the first 3-4 weeks after planting and apply irrigation at regular intervals thereafter.
Plants can be irrigated by making a ring dug or by drip irrigation method. While irrigating always keep in mind that the water does not come in contact with the main stem of the plant. For this add light high soil around the stem. It come in danger when it come in contact with it.
Manure & Fertilizers For Lemon Plant:
The timing and method of application of manure and fertilizers are very important in nutrition management. The amount of manure and fertilizers depends on the fertility of the soil and the age of the plant. Soil testing is necessary to determine the exact amount. If manures and fertilizers are applied in balanced quantity then along with good production the health of the soil can also be taken care of.
Manure and fertilizers should always be applied 20-30 cm from the main stem of the plants. should be placed at a distance. Apply the full amount of cow dung in December-January while dividing the fertilizers in two parts. Give the first quantity in March-April and the remaining half quantity in July-August. The micronutrients in lemon are also of great importance. Therefore if symptoms of their deficiency are seen spray 0.4-0.7 percent zinc and ferrous sulphate and 0.1 percent borax.
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Cutting, Prunning & Cropping:
Lemon / Nimbu / Paper limes naturally do not require pruning. But in the initial years of planting, the branches should be removed to a height of about two feet from the surface of the ground to give the right shape to the plant. Dry diseased and skewed twigs should be cut in subsequent years as well. Along with this identify the firecrackers and remove them too.
Intercropping with Lemon Plant:
Some income can be made by taking a suitable crop on the vacant space in the rows for the first 2-3 years of planting. For this it is suitable to grow pulse crops or such vegetables in which the attack of pests / diseases is less. Growing moong, pea, urad, cowpea and gram in pulse crops helps in increasing the fertility of the soil along with increasing the income.
setting up the garden
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Lime plants are planted at a distance of 6 x 6 or 5 x 5 meters (row to row and plant to plant). At the rate of this distance, about 277 to 400 plants are planted per hectare area. First of all, level the field in which the plants are to be planted by plowing it well. After that dig pits of 3 x 3 x 3 feet diameter at those places by drawing at appropriate distances.
In the upper part of the soil from the pits, 15-20 kg at the rate of each pit. Fill the pits by mixing cow dung. Chlorpyriphos 20 ml for termite control. Add the medicine by mixing it in water at the rate of per pit. While filling the pit, keep in mind that it is 15-20 cm from the ground be raised up Irrigate after filling the pit or wait for rain, so that the soil of the pit settles down with water.
Planting of plants is done in monsoon time (July-August) but if there is adequate irrigation facility, this work can be done in February-March also.
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Problem of fruit burst in Lemon Plant:
The problem of bursting of fruits of lime can often be seen in the rainy season in Kagji Lime. The fruits often burst when there is a sudden increase in humidity in the dry season. Excessive irrigation or rain after a long interval of drought is also the main reason for fruit cracking.
In the initial stage small cracks are formed on the fruit which later become larger with the development of the fruit. This causes a lot of financial loss. To prevent fruit bursting: Irrigate at appropriate intervals Gibberellic acid 40 ppm or N.A.A. Spray 40, ppm or potassium sulphate 8% solution in April, May and June.
Harvest and yield in Lemon Plant:
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The exact time of harvest depends on the variety grown and the season. The fruits of Lemon are ready to ripen in 150-180 days. When the color of the fruit starts turning from green to light yellow then harvesting of the fruit should be started. While plucking the fruits, keep in mind that there is no damage to the peel of the fruit. The variety of paper lemon depends on the season and management etc. Generally 1000-1200 fruits are found per plant per year.
Major pests and diseases in Lemon Plant:
Many types of pests and diseases are attacked in lemon if proper management is not done by identifying them at the right time then farmers have to suffer a lot of economic loss. The following are some of the harmful pests and diseases of paper lemons:
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- Lime butterfly (Lemon butterfly) Its caterpillars cause damage by eating from the edges of soft leaves to the mid-vein. Sometimes it makes the whole plant leafless. Its outbreak is very high on soft and young leaves of nurseries and small plants. In its young age, this insect looks like a bird beetle. But later the leaf becomes discolored, due to which it is rarely visible. The outbreak of this pest is more during the rainy season (July-August).
Pest control – monocrotophos 36 sl. one milliliter Or Quinalphos 25 EC. 1.3 ml Spray it after mixing it per liter of water. If the number of plants is not high then choose the vines from the plants and give medicine in the soil or suppress it by putting it in kerosene or kill it by adding oil to the soil.
2. Leaf miner – The larvae of this insect make silver-like zig-zag tunnels on the lower surface of the leaf. Due to this the affected leaves turn towards the edge and start drying. Its outbreak is also more on the new leaves, so that the plant should do it. Growth stops. These symptoms also appear on the upper part of the leaf when the number of pests is high. It also helps in the spread of canker disease in lemon. 750 ml Oxidemethion Methyl (Metasystax) 25 EC or 625 ml Dimethoate (Rogor) 30 BC or 500 ml Monocrotophos (Neuvacran/Monosil) 36 ws. C. in 500 liters of water. Spray at the rate of per acre. In case of severe outbreak, cut and destroy the affected parts and then spray the medicine. It is always necessary to keep the garden clean.
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3. Sits Silla – Both the young and the adult of this insect suck the sap from the young leaves and tender parts of the plants. As a result, the affected parts fall down and gradually the twigs start drying up. These insects also secrete a white honey-like sticky substance, which increases the attack of the fungus. This sticky substance is poisonous, due to which the leaves shrivel and then fall down. Its outbreak is also more in rainy and spring season. This insect is also helpful in spreading a disease called ‘Greening’. Cut the affected parts of the plant and give medicine or burn it. Monocrotophos 0.7 ml in February-March, June-July and October-November or as soon as the bud bursts. Or spray Dimethoate (0.8 ml or Quinolphos 1 ml or Acephate at the rate of 1 gram per liter of water. If necessary, repeat this spray at an interval of 15 days.
