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Cultivation of vegetables in Controlled environment

What is meant by cultivation of vegetables in Controlled environment?

Controlled environment means planting vegetables in such a condition where the crop can be protected from diseases, insects, cold, heat, rain, hail fog etc. Where we do farming for protection from diseases, insects, cold, heat, rain, hail fog etc. is called Controlled environment or protected cultivation.

Where is most of the cultivation of vegetables done under Controlled environment?

Vegetables are being cultivated in only 2000 hectare area under Controlled environment all over India.  China has the largest area (85 percent) in the world under greenhouse and China accounts for 90 percent of its area. I cultivate only vegetables. This is the reason why China ranks first in the world in the field of vegetable production. Tamil Nadu is the state which cultivates vegetables under green house (Controlled environment) in India.

Read more: How to do Green House Farming?

 Apart from this the cultivation of vegetables is Controlled in the states of Leh-Ladakh, South India, Punjab, Haryana etc. being done in the environment.

Why is it necessary to cultivate vegetables in a Controlled environment?

On cultivation in the open environment, the crop is affected by many types of diseases, insects and pests, cold, heat, rain, frost, hail etc. and all types of natural and unnatural methods. Moreover, in this changing environment, farming is becoming impossible.

Because now it is neither raining on time and in required quantity nor is it getting cold on time. In such a situation, the cultivation of vegetables is getting affected a lot. Hence Controlled environment is the only option left for vegetable cultivation. There are many benefits to our farmer brothers by growing vegetables in a Controlled environment. The main ones are:

Read more: Protected Farming Guide For Beginners.

1. In adverse conditions  stress such as cold, heat, rain, disease and insects Cultivation of vegetables can be possible.
2. Attainment of 5-10 times more yield than normal.
3. Production of vegetables of higher quality than normal.
4. The availability of vegetables can remain same throughout the year.
5. They have immense possibilities of seasonal farming.
6. Proper control of insect diseases\
7. Correct use of input means reducing the cost of cultivation.
8. Better and more income per unit area.
9. Beneficial for farmers with small holdings.
10. Immense possibilities of farming around the urban area.

How farmers can take advantage of Controlled environment farming, where there is no reliance on electricity nor the weather?

The farmer brothers of the plains of North India can grow vegetables in the greenhouse even without electricity. Vegetable seedlings can be prepared for early farming, more production and more expensive vegetables Cultivation of (Capsicum, Tomato, and Cucumber) etc. can be done successfully by making a net house. You can also cultivate flowers (rose, gerbera, carnation, gladiolus, cactus) etc.

Read More: Drip irrigation Guide for Beginners.

As well as summer season vegetables like melon, watermelon, cucumber, gourd, kumhana, Pumpkin etc. can be produced without energy (electricity).

In how many ways vegetables can be cultivated in a Controlled environment?

 In fact, for the cultivation of all these, not one type but many types of environment (structure) is required. It falls like:

1. Green house or poly house by providing desired environment in it, temperature light intensity,Carbon dioxide can be reduced more – all vegetables can be cultivated.
2. Poly House – It has a pad fan system like a cooler, in which 5-7 from normal Temperature can be Controlled capsicum tomato, cucumber etc. Flowers can be cultivated.
3. Low tunnel  – for preparing seedlings for cultivation of early cucurbit vegetables,  And it is suitable for cultivation of cucurbit vegetables.
4. Tomato by controlling nethouse-white fly and other insect diseases Chilli and capsicum can be cultivated successfully.
5. To control bhodnet house temperature (a) in summer (b) in September nursery plants Suitable for preparation
6. Polythene mulch to control temperature and control weeds and loss of water loss suitable for saving.

Read more: How to use Mulch in your Farm?

Can a nursery also be prepared in this type of farming?

Both the methods are used for the preparation of seedlings and plants for cultivation Some people grow plants by making beds, but most people use potting plug or saucer in which There are 32 to 300 eatables grown according to the size of the vegetable plants.

How are vegetables cultivated in a Controlled environment?

To cultivate vegetables in a Controlled environment, plants are supported according to their type.  Drip irrigation for irrigation and month to keep the leaves fresh arrangements are ade for the mist. If you want to add manure then put it in water in a small tank like a water tank.

Soluble Fertilizer- Fertilizer is dissolved and delivered directly to the roots of the plants through drip pipe.

In this way, the height of tomato plants becomes 20-25 feet, capsicum up to 7-10 feet.  And the quality of the fruits is also good. The fruit is also available for a long time. Species grown in a Controlled environment differ from those grown in the open.

Read more: Papaya Farming Methods For Beginners

Does farming in a Controlled environment not cause insects or diseases in the plants?

Yes, but even after taking such precautions, sometimes the polythene cover (sheet) bursts when the door remains open, or When there is a hole, there is an outbreak of insects and diseases in the greenhouse. For these we immediately need disease-pests Experts’ advice should be taken and the medicine should be used accordingly. so that insects Neither should it be effective in controlling the disease nor should it be harmful to our health.

Does farming in a Controlled environment not cause insects or diseases in the plants?

Yes, but even after taking such precautions, sometimes the polythene cover (sheet) bursts when the door remains open, or When there is a hole, there is an outbreak of insects and diseases in the greenhouse. For these we immediately need disease-pests Experts’ advice should be taken and the medicine should be used accordingly. So that insects should it be effective in controlling the disease nor should it be harmful to our health.

Read more: How to prepare soilless seedlings?

Should farming be done with polythene or with organic matter in Controlled environment?

This is also a very good question you have asked. Our Manufacturer of Polythene Sheet Colors for Mulching  It is very important for brothers to have knowledge. colour polythene sheet  The effect is as follows. – If weed control and soil temperature is to be Controlled then black colour

1. In summer white and transparent – white transparent to increase the temperature in winter Silver color (silver) for Katui insect, Mahu insect, Gurcha disease spreading white fly.
2. Red polythene to prevent early blight and nematode – yellow polythene to prevent aphids Is used. Plant them on beds or ridges in such a way that the stems of the plants come out.
3. It should come and the whole spread should be upwards, only the roots should remain below. It would be better to first cover the polythene sheet or spread it according to the size of the bed and then make small holes (2-3″) at proper distance.  Make it of diameter and plant the sapling. Apart from these, mulching can also be done with organic materials like straw organic manure etc.

Read more: How to do Cucumber farming in Polyhouse?

Does Controlled environment farming save labor and water?

Farmer brother, 30-70 percent water, 30-70 percent fertilizer on cultivating vegetables by this method and can save about 50 percent labour. This quantity may vary in different vegetable crops.

How much would it cost to build this type of structure and according to that how beneficial would agriculture be?

If the keen farmer brothers want to cultivate their vegetables in green house, net house etc. Their (per square meter) rate at present is as follows.